The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.